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201 A meta-analysis that reported findings from 23 randomized controlled trials involving 842 participants with stage 35 CKD indicated that probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplements improved creatinine and BUN levels, heightened markers of oxidative stress, reduced some markers of inflammation, and decreased uremic toxin levels
Subjects were excluded from l-carnitine or BB challenge testing if they were pregnant, had chronic illness (including a known history of heart failure, renal failure, pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal disorders, or hematologic diseases), had an active infection, received antibiotics within 2 months of study enrollment, used any over-the-counter or prescription probiotic or bowel-cleansing preparation within the past 2 months, ingested yogurt within the past 7 days, or had undergone bariatric or other intestinal (e.g., bowel resection/reconstruction) surgery
Q4: What is the shelf life
PMCID: PMC10512725
Bueno, Claudia A
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