Exclusion criteria were as follows: type 1 diabetes or positivity for anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies, secondary forms of diabetes, acute metabolic complications, liver disease, renal dysfunction or patients under anticoagulant treatment, previous bariatric surgery, congenital or acquired abnormalities of the digestive tract, pregnancy, nursing or desired pregnancy in the 12 months following inclusion, and corticoid use by oral or intravenous route for more than 14 consecutive days in the last 3 months
2,5 DPP-4 inhibitors reduce post-prandial glucose excursions by around 3 mmol/L and basal glycaemia by around 1.01.5 mmol/L
References Marzook, A., Tomas, A., & Jones, B
Nobody legitimate makes sublingual semaglutide, Blyumin said
Feng W, Ao H, Peng C, Yan D (2019) Gut microbiota, a new frontier to understand traditional Chinese medicines