Research examining human cardiac samples has revealed several key findings: GLP-1R mRNA transcripts have been consistently detected in all four cardiac chambers from human hearts, at levels approximating those in human pancreas [1] Receptor expression is notably absent in cardiac fibroblasts, coronary artery endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells according to some studies [1] Human GLP-1R expression appears predominantly in cardiomyocytes, albeit at relatively low levels [2] Interestingly, species differences exist in GLP-1R distribution patterns
Current data suggest that this risk is around 0.07%, which isnt huge, but it is real
It has been possible to map the incretin function in humans in some detail owing to the availability of receptor antagonists for both hormones, namely exendin 9-39 for the GLP-1 receptor and the amidated GIP fragment GIP 3-30 amide for the GIP receptor [2]
Trials evaluating these drugs ability to combat cognitive decline are already underway, however, results arent expected until 2025
TB-500 also appeared to lift expression of angiogenesis-linked factors such as VEGFA, angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), and the Tie2 receptor