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Translational Andrology and Urology, 6 (2), 183-191
Subsequently, macrophages transform into foam cells in the LDL cholesterol-deposited vascular endothelium
Age influences outcomes through multiple mechanisms
Further characterization of the human commensals capable of both reactions (l-carnitineBB and BBTMA), and discovery of the enzyme(s) responsible for TMA production, are of interest particularly since this latter microbial step in the overall pathway appears to be the major one induced during chronic dietary red meat exposure (or directly with l-carnitine supplementation) in an omnivorous diet (Figure 10)
Vitamin D complements this mechanism through transcriptional control of insulin receptor gene expression and calcium homeostasis, which fine-tunes insulin vesicle exocytosis (225)
