Studies have shown that GLP-1 receptor agonists can reduce oxidative stress by activating the GSK3/Nrf2 pathway [98], as well as activate the PI3K/AKT axis, inhibit NF-B activity, and suppress the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may indirectly alleviate oxidative stress-induced damage [99]
When diagnosed in middle age, diabetes reduces life expectancy by roughly 10 years, and worldwide one person dies every nine seconds from diabetes-related causes (IDF 2025
Higher TMAO levels have been linked to cardiovascular risk in observational studies, though the clinical meaning is still debated
semaglutide: Weight loss Semaglutide delivers stronger, longer-lasting weight loss than phentermine, though it costs more and requires injections
Under the supervision of Dr