The secondary patents, e.g., in the US, are not set to expire until 2033, thus providing Novo Nordisk with prolonged market exclusivity and delaying the launch of generics in other territories
Quick Answer: Tirzepatide likely has minimal direct blood-brain barrier penetration due to its large molecular size (approximately 4,800 daltons), but produces central nervous system effects through indirect pathways
These insights support more informed provider conversations about personalized dosing and expected response timelines
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However, tirzepatide has 14 unique amino acids (engineered from the GIP sequence) and an amidated exenatide-like C terminus as opposed to GLP-1 which allow the peptide to possess a GIPR binding ability equivalent to GIP(142) and to steadily interact with GLP-1R with a reduced potency compared to GLP-1 23 (Fig