While some celebrities have been open about using the medications, others have denied it amid speculation
L-carnitine for acute valproic acid overdose: a systematic review of published cases
Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity , 2012 (1), 324832
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 11 (11), CD015385
Components of the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathwayincluding Syvn1, Sel1l, Derl3, Amfr, and Ubxn4were also reduced, along with genes involved in vesicular trafficking (Sec24a, Sec24c, Sec24d, Sec23b, Sec31a, Sar1a, Sec61a1, Ssr3), suggesting a global decline in secretory activity