Age Natural collagen production declines roughly 1% per year starting in your 20s
Notably, human genome-wide association study (GWAS) data have shown that single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the vicinity of the TGFBI gene are associated with type 1 diabetes risk, and TGFBI has been shown to promote islet survival, function and regeneration in mice [43]
10,61,65,7581 Estrogens also enhance moisture/hydration (via hyaluronic acid, mucopolysaccharides, and sebum production) where skin turgor, dermal thickness, and keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation are enhanced
But as we mentioned earlier in this guide, acetyl hexapeptide-8 has a mechanism of action similar to Botox (though its not as strong of an effect),22 and it has demonstrated the ability to reduce the appearance of wrinkles.23 However, more research is needed, as some other research has found the peptides effects to be unremarkable.24 The other peptide in the complex is pentapeptide-18, also known as Leuphasyl
It can reduce hyperpigmentation, dark spots, and uneven skin tone, while also promoting cell regeneration and fighting oxidative stress